Bloodstain Analysis & DNA Fingerprinting

Biological stains — blood, semen, saliva, hair — are the workhorses of forensic identification. This topic moves stepwise from "Is it blood?" to "Is it human?" to "Whose is it?", culminating in DNA profiling, which has displaced classical serology as the gold standard for individualisation. It is a favourite NEET PG area because each test has a precise principle, a named eponym, and a characteristic colour or band pa…